Transformation of Sentences
For
SSC & HSC Students
Affirmative to Negative
Affirmative | Negative |
Only/ Alone (Person) | None but |
Only/ Alone (Thing) | Nothing but |
Only/ Alone (Number) | Not more than/ Not less than |
Must/ have to/ has to/need to | Cannot but/ Cannot help + (v) ing |
Had to/ Needed to | Could not but |
Too……. To | So…….that +sub+can/could+not+…. |
To | so that + can/ could + not |
Both …. and/ and | Not only ……..but also |
Less…… than | Not as ……. as |
As ……….. as | Not less than |
Every + noun | There is no +attached word/noun+but.. |
As soon as | No sooner had ……….. than |
Hardly ……….. when | No sooner had ……….. than |
Scarcely ………… when | No sooner had ………… than |
Many | Not a few |
A few | Not many |
Much | not a little |
A little | Not much |
Always | Never + opposition word |
Sometimes | Not always |
Universal truth Sentence | It is not false that +………..` |
Helping verb+ not + opposition word |
Exercise
Transformation the following Affirmative into Negative
- All Bangladeshis are polite.
- Only Allah can save us.
- As soon as he reached home, the rain started.
- As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away.
- Every king has a crown.
-
Every mother loves her child.
- Every rose has thorn.
- Every teacher loves his students.
- Everybody must die.
- He was present in the meeting.
- Her parents always liked her.
- There are many students in the class.
- I always remember you.
- The old man was unable to carry the load.
- The police punished the thief.
- Hardly had I reached the station when the train came.
- Scarcely had I reached the station when the train arrived.
- Honesty is the best policy.
Transformation the following Negative into Affirmative
- I shall never forget him.
- Man cannot help obeying some social rules.
- There is no mother but loves her child.
- No sooner had he saw the police than he ran away.
- Nothing but the book is found.
- I have not much rice.
- He is not a bad boy.
- The problem is so difficult that we can’t solve it.
- None but Allah can help us.
- It is not false that the sun rises in the east.
Assertive to Interrogative
Assertive | Interrogative |
None, No one, No man, No person, No body | Who + verb + ………………..? |
Everyone, Everybody, Everyman, All, All men | Who + negative + ………………? |
Never | Ever |
Nothing | Anything |
No | Any |
Transformation the following Assertive into Interrogative
- No one can tolerate this.
- There is nothing particularly impressive about this picture.
- No one worships the setting sun.
- Gulliver could hear his watch ticking in his pocket.
- It is useless to cry over spilt milk.
- Switzerland is known for its scenic beauty.
- The beauty of nature is beyond description.
- Everybody has heard of Darwin.
- He has his dinner at seven every evening.
- I told him to practice regularly.
- Virtue is its own reward.
Assertive to Exclamatory
Assertive | Exclamatory |
a very/a great/a fine/a most/very/great/so/fine | What+ a/an + adjective + noun+ sub + verb! How + adjective + noun+ sub + verb! |
I wish | If /Would that/Had |
It is a matter of joy/pleasure that + sub + verb +ext. | Hurrah! + Sub + verb +ext. |
It is a matter of sorrow/regret that + sub + verb +ext. | Alas! + Sub + verb + ext. |
It is a matter of shame/It is shameful that+ sub + verb + ext. | Fie!+ Sub + verb+ ext. |
Transformation the following Assertive into Exclamatory
- It presents a very charming scene.
- It presents very charming scene.
- It is very essential to resist corruption.
- I wish I were a king.
- I wish I had been a scholar.
- It is a matter of joy that we are victorious.
- It is a matter of joy that I got GPA-5.
- It is a matter of sorrow that he is dead.
- It is shameful that he doesn’t respect seniors.
Transformation of Degree
Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
No other | than any other | the + Superlative form |
Very few | than most other/Than many other | one of the |
No other | than all other | the……of all |
As soon as | No sooner had…verb3….than | – |
as/so…as | not less….than | – |
not + as/so…as | less….than | – |
not + as/so…as | Than | – |
(change both the subjects)
Structures
Positive : No other/very few + ext + verb + as/so + positive form + as + sub. |
Comparative : Sub + verb + comparative form + given rules + ext. |
Superlative : Sub + verb + given rules + superlative form + ext. |
Some rules of interchanging degrees
By using more and most | |||||
Positive | Comparative | Superlative | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Useful | More useful | Most useful | active | more active | most active |
Intelligent | More Intelligent | Most Intelligent | attractive | more attractive | most attractive |
Attentive | More attentive | Most attentive | beautiful | more beautiful | most beautiful |
Difficult | More difficult | Most difficult | brilliant | more brilliant | most brilliant |
Courageous | more courageous | most courageous | careful | more careful | most careful |
Cunning | more cunning | most cunning | splendid | more splendid | most splendid |
Famous | more famous | most famous | proper | more proper | most proper |
Faithful | more faithful | most faithful | popular | more popular | most popular |
Caring | more/less caring | most/least caring | amazing | More amazing | most amazing |
Gifted | more/less gifted | most/least gifted | terrible | More terrible | most terrible |
By adding ‘er’ and ‘est’ | |||||
Positive | Comparative | Superlative | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Black | Blacker | Blackest | bright | brighter | brightest |
Fair | Fairer | Fairest | strong | stronger | strongest |
Clever | Cleverer | Cleverest | Bold | bolder | boldest |
Poor | Poorer | Poorest | young | younger | youngest |
great | greater | Greatest | Cold | colder | coldest |
high | higher | Highest | Fast | faster | fastest |
kind | kinder | Kindest | sweet | sweeter | sweetest |
long | longer | Longest | Tall | taller | tallest |
small | smaller | Smallest | Weak | weaker | weakest |
rich | richer | Richest | Thick | thicker | thickest |
By adding ‘r’ and ‘st’ | |||||
Positive | Comparative | Superlative | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Brave | Braver | Bravest | pale | paler | palest |
Fine | Finer | Finest | simple | simpler | simplest |
Large | Larger | Largest | wise | wiser | wisest |
Nice | Nicer | Nicest | white | whiter | whitest |
Noble | Nobler | Noblest |
By doubling the final consonants | |||||
Positive | Comparative | Superlative | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Big | Bigger | Biggest | hot | hotter | hottest |
Dim | Dimmer | dimmest | thin | thinner | thinnest |
Fat | Fatter | Fattest | Wet | Wetter | Wettest |
Sad | Sadder | Saddest | slim | slimmer | slimmest |
By deleting the final ‘y’ and adding ‘ier’ and ‘iest’ |
|||||
Positive | Comparative | Superlative | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Costly | Costlier | costliest | Prettier | Prettier | Prettiest |
Dry | Drier | Driest | Busy | Busier | Busiest |
Easy | Easier | Easiest | lazy | lasier | lasiest |
Happy | Happier | happiest | mercy | mercier | merciest |
Heavy | Heavier | heaviest | wealthy | wealthier | wealthiest |
Chewy | Chewier | chewiest |
Exceptional | |||||
Positive | Comparative | Superlative | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Good/well | Better | Best | Out | Outer/utter | Utmost/utter most |
Bad/evil/ill | Worse | Worst | Far | Farther | Farthest |
Much/Many | More | Most | Fore | Former | Foremost/first |
Little | Less | Least | Fore | Further | Furthest |
Late | later/latter | Latest/last | In | Inner | Inmost/inner most |
Old | Older/elder | Oldest/eldest | Up | Upper | Upmost/uppermost |
Near | Nearer | Nearest | fun | more/less fun | most/least fun |
Hind | Hinder | hindermost | nigh | nigher | Nighest/ next |
Transformation of
Simple- Complex – Compound
Simple | Complex | Compound |
Enough/ Too …….. to | So …………… that | Very …………. And |
Example:
Simple: He is too weak to walk.
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Compound: He is very weak and he cannot walk.
Simple | Complex | Compound |
To | So that | And |
Example:
Simple: We read to learn.
Complex: We read so that we can learn.
Compound: We read and we learn.
Simple | Complex | Compound |
In spite of/ Despite | Though/ Although | But |
Example:
Simple: Despite being poor, he is honest.
Complex: Though he is poor, he is honest.
Compound: He is poor but honest/ He is poor but he is honest.
Simple | Complex | Compound |
Verb + ing | Since/ As/ When | And/ and so |
Example:
Simple: Being punished, he wept.
Complex: As he was punished, he wept.
Compound: He was punished and so he wept.
Simple | Complex | Compound |
Too …….. to | So …………… that | Very …………. And |
Example:
Simple: He is too weak to walk.
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Compound: He is very weak and he cannot walk.
Simple | Complex | Compound |
Without + verb (ing) | If/ In case (Negative) | Or |
Example:
Simple: Without reading regularly, you will fail in the exam.
Complex: If you don’t read regularly, you will fail in the exam.
Compound: Read regularly, you will fail in the exam.
Simple | Complex | Compound |
At the time of | When | And |
Example:
Simple: He wake up at the time of raining.
Complex: He wake up when it was rain.
Compound: It was raining and he wake up.
Simple | Complex | Compound |
Adjective | That/ which | And |
Example:
Simple: It was a red ball.
Complex: It was a ball which was red.
Compound: It was a ball and it was red.
Simple | Complex | Compound |
Because of | Because | And |
Example:
Simple: He could not attend the meeting because of his illness.
Complex: He could not attend the meeting because he was ill.
Compound: He was ill and he could not attend the meeting.
Simple | Complex | Compound |
Besides + verb (ing) | Not only …. But also | And |
Example:
Simple: Besides giving money, he gave good advice.
Complex: He gave not only money but also good advice.
Compound: He gave money and good advice.
Simple | Complex | Compound |
By + Verb (ing) | If (affirmative) | And |
Example:
Simple: By working hard, you can shine in life.
Complex: If you work hard, you can shine in life.
Compound: Work hard and you can shine in life.
Simple | Complex | Compound |
Participle | Relative pronoun | And |
Example:
Simple: I saw him writing the letter.
Complex: I saw him who was writing the letter.
Compound: He was writing the letter and I saw him.
Simple | Complex | Compound |
Sub + v + object | Relative pronoun | And |
Example:
Simple: Health is wealth.
Complex: It is health which is wealth.
Compound: It is health and it is wealth.
Simple | Complex | Compound |
Sub + v + object (place) | Relative pronoun | And |
Example:
Simple: I know his birth place.
Complex: I know where he was born.
Compound: He has a birth place and I know it.
Simple | Complex | Compound |
Being/ Having | Since/ as/ When | And |
Example:
Simple: The sun having set, we left the place.
Complex: As the sun had set, we left the place.
Compound: The sun had set and we left the place.
Voice
Acitve: Sub +verb +Object.
Passive: Subject (Obj) + Helping verb + v3 + preposition + object (Subject)
Active: She praises me.
Passive: I am praised by her.